François de Montmorency-Bouteville (born in 1600 and decapitated in Paris on the 22 June 1627). Second son of Louis de Montmorency-Bouteville, vice-admiral of France under Henri IV.
In 1616, he succeeded his brother, Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville and became Duke of Luxembourg and Governor of Senlis. He served with distinction at the sieges of Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Montauban, Royan and Montpellier
After fighting a duel against the Comte de Pontgibaud, he killed the Marquis de Portes in 1625 and the Comte de Thorigny on 25 March 1626. He injured the Baron de la Frette in 1627 and then fled to Brussels to escape the anger of Louis XIII. Despite the intercession of many people, including the archduchess of the Netherlands, Louis XIII would not pardon him. Furious, he vowed to fight a duel in broad daylight in central Paris despite the fact that Richelieu had issued an edict saying that duelling would be punishable by death.
On 12 May 1627 at the Place Royale in Paris, he killed Marquis Bussi d'Amboise in the course of a duel. Their seconds, François de Rosmadec, Comte de Chappelles et François d’Harcourt-Beuvron, Marquis de Beuvron, also fought one another. While d'Harcourt took refuge in England, Montmorency and Rosmadec, despite their nobility, were decapitated at the Place de Grève on 22 June 1627.